The c programming language is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to develop the UNIX operating system. C language tutorial for beginners is very important for students and developers.
Contents
Introduction
Initially, the C language was developed to be used in the UNIX operating system. It inherits many features of previous languages such as B and BCPL. C language was easier to understand than B and BPCL. it can be used to perform low-level programming (eg drivers and kernels). It is commonly used to make hardware devices, OS, drivers, kernels, etc. For example, the Linux kernel is written in C.
Many later languages have borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from the C language. The syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, Python, and many other languages is mainly based on the C language. C ++ is almost a superset of the C language (there are some programs that can be compiled in C, but not in C ++).
Structure of a C Program
// First Programme to understand things
#include <stdio.h> // Header
int main() { // main()
int i=5; //Variable declaration
printf("Hello, World! %d \n",i); // body
return 0; // Return
}Header
The first and most important component is the inclusion of header files in the C program. A header file is a file with an extension. Containing C function declarations and macro definitions are shared between multiple source files. Header files are already stored in our computers which we use while writing programs.
Example:
| Header Files | |
|---|---|
| stdio.h | Defining core input and output functions. |
| string.h | Defining string handling functions. |
| stddef.h | Defining several useful type and macros. |
| stdint.h | Defining exact width integer types. |
| stdlib.h | Defining numeric conversion function, pseudo-random network generator, and memory allocation. |
| math.h | Defining common mathematical functions. |
Syntex of a header file in C Language:
#include<stdio.h>
What is an array in c language?
An array is a variable that can store multiple values. For example, if you want to store 10 integers, you can create an array for it.
int data[10];
Example: Program to input/output of 5 integers using arrays
// Program to take 5 values from the user and store them in an array
// Print the elements stored in the array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int values[5];
printf("Enter 5 integers: ");
// taking input and storing it in an array
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
scanf("%d", &values[i]);
}
printf("Displaying integers: ");
// printing elements of an array
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("%d\n", values[i]);
}
return 0;
}Output
Enter 5 integers: 1 -2 3 4 5 Displaying integers: 1 -2 3 4 5
what is a string in c language?
The string can be defined as the one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null (‘\0’).
Example: string program in C language
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char ch[11]={'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char ch[11]={'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '\0'};
char ch2[11]="HelloWorld";
printf("Char Array Value is: %s\n", ch);
printf("String Literal Value is: %s\n", ch2);
return 0;
}'};
char ch2[11]="HelloWorld";
printf("Char Array Value is: %s\n", ch);
printf("String Literal Value is: %s\n", ch2);
return 0;
}Output
Char Array Value is: HelloWorld String Literal Value is: HelloWorld
C language tutorial for beginners Learn and write a program.
